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初步探讨了峡江地区先秦时期鱼类资源的开发情况,包括种类结构及其历时性变化、整体地位及其背后的原因。对21处遗址中经科学鉴定的鱼骨材料的统计显示,该地区先秦时期(8.5kaB.P.至东周)鱼类开发的种类结构相当稳定——一直重点开发青鱼和草鱼,二者可占总量的70%~80%,同时表现出较明显的区域差异,即东区(湖北段)优先开发青鱼,而西区(重庆段)优先开发草鱼。鱼类资源开发在当时先民的经济生活中扮演了关键角色,如3处经严格筛选取样的遗址中鱼骨的可鉴定标本数均占出土动物骨骼总数的70%以上;它同时在先民的精神文化方面留下了深刻印记,如流行整鱼随葬和鱼骨占卜。这些遗存和现象具有鲜明的地域特色,反映了峡江地区特殊的峡谷环境及丰富的鱼类资源对人类生计方式与文化行为的制约与影响,表明对鱼类资源的优先开发是当地先民的一种环境适应与文化选择。
Preliminary exploration of the development of fish resources in the pre-Qin period in the Xiajiang River region, including the species structure and its diachronic changes, the overall status and the reasons behind. The statistics of the scientifically identified fish bone material at 21 sites show that the species structure of fish development in the Pre-Qin period (8.5 kaB.P. to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty) is rather stable - both herring and grass carp have been focused, both of which can account for 70% ~ 80% of the total amount. At the same time, there are obvious regional differences, that is, the eastern region (Hubei section) gives priority to the development of herring while the western region (Chongqing section) gives priority to the development of grass carp. The development of fish resources played a key role in the economic life of the ancestors at that time. For example, the number of identifiable specimens of fish bones in the three sites screened strictly for sampling accounted for more than 70% of the total number of bones of the animals unearthed. Spiritual and cultural aspects left a deep imprint, such as the popular whole fish burial and fish bone divination. These relics and phenomena have distinctive regional characteristics, which reflect the special gorge environment in the Xiajiang River area and the restriction and impact of abundant fish resources on human livelihood patterns and cultural behaviors. It shows that priority is given to the development of fish resources to local ancestors A kind of environmental adaptation and cultural choice.