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票据抗辩权是票据法权利体系中的重要组成部分,它与付款请求权和追索权共同构成了票据法权利体系。票据作为一种流通证券,在对其进行权利体系构建时,尤为注重“安全”价值,倾向于对持票人利益的保护。但是,任何法律制度建设都是以“公平正义”为其价值导向的,票据法在强调权利人利益的同时,也赋予了票据债务人相应“说不”的权利,即行使票据抗辩权。此文将通过对票据抗辩权进行价值分析,并浅析其在票据关系相对无因性原理上的体现,以期为正确理解票据抗辩权制度提供理论基础。
The counter-claim is an important part of the rights-based system of the negotiable instrument law. Together with the request for payment and the recourse, the counter-claim forms the negotiable instrument-based right system. As a kind of circulation securities, notes are paid more attention to the value of “security” when they construct their rights system, and tend to protect the interests of bearer. However, the construction of any legal system is guided by the principle of “fairness and justice”. While the negotiable instrument law emphasizes the interests of the obligees, it also gives the negotiators the right to “say no”, that is, to exercise the right of defense of the negotiable instruments. This article will carry on the value analysis to the counter-claim of the bill, and analyze its manifestation in the relatively non-causality principle of the negotiable instrument, so as to provide the theoretical basis for the correct understanding of the bill’s counter-claim system.