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目的对2004—2012年蚌埠医学院第一附属医院5岁以下儿童主要死亡原因进行分析,为制订防治措施提供依据。方法以2004—2012年统计的5岁以下死亡儿童为调查对象,按照死亡时实际生存时间和死亡诊断病因进行整理、汇总和回顾性分析,其中儿童死因诊断和分类根据国际疾病分类法进行分析。数据输入Excel2003,进行描述性分析。结果 2004—2012年5岁以下儿童共死亡392例,新生儿死亡比例最高,占63.27%。2004—2012年5岁以下儿童主要死亡原因居第1位的为早产及低体重儿分别为25.42%、32.50%、39.19%、22.73%、28.95%、18.60%、22.58%、25.81%、28.12%;居第2位的除2012年为出生窒息18.75%,其他均为肺炎,分别为18.64%、25.00%、17.57%、20.45%、13.16%、13.95%、16.13%、16.13%;居第3位的分别为出生缺陷13.56%、败血症10.00%、败血症8.11%、败血症6.82%、出生缺陷10.53%、败血症11.63%、败血症12.90%、出生窒息12.90%、肺炎6.25%。结论降低新生儿死亡率是降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的关键,通过减少早产及低体重儿出生、降低早产及低体重儿死亡率、积极防治肺炎与败血症、减少出生缺陷与出生窒息,可减少5岁以下儿童死亡的发生。
Objective To analyze the main causes of death among children under 5 years of age from 2004 to 2012 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College to provide the basis for making prevention and treatment measures. Methods Based on the statistics of children under 5 years of age from 2004 to 2012 as the research object, according to the actual time of death and the cause of death diagnosis, the data were collected and analyzed retrospectively. The diagnosis and classification of child death were analyzed according to the International Classification of Diseases. Data input Excel2003, for descriptive analysis. Results From 2004 to 2012, 392 children under 5 years old died altogether, with the highest proportion of neonatal deaths, accounting for 63.27%. The main causes of death among children under 5 years of age from 2004 to 2012 were 25.42%, 32.50%, 39.19%, 22.73%, 28.95%, 18.60%, 22.58%, 25.81% and 28.12% of those with preterm birth and low birth weight, respectively ; The second highest birth rate was 18.75% except birth asphyxia in 2012, and the others were all pneumonia, with 18.64%, 25.00%, 17.57%, 20.45%, 13.16%, 13.95%, 16.13% and 16.13% respectively; Were 13.56% for birth defects, 10.00% for sepsis, 8.11% for sepsis, 6.82% for sepsis, 10.53% for birth defects, 11.63% for sepsis, 12.90% for sepsis, 12.90% for birth asphyxia and 6.25% for pneumonia. Conclusions Reducing neonatal mortality is the key to reducing the mortality of children under 5 years of age by reducing preterm and low birth weight infants, reducing premature birth and low birth weight infants, actively managing pneumonia and sepsis, and reducing birth defects and birth asphyxia, Death of children under 5 years of age.