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元代大量的直译体文献是以蒙古人所说的蒙式汉语为口语基础的。本文探讨了蒙式汉语产生的社会历史背景、反映蒙式汉语的语料及蒙式汉语的性质等问题,认为蒙式汉语本质上是一种以北方汉语为上层语言、以蒙古语为底层的皮钦语。文章还以直译体文献为主要调查对象,系统描写了蒙式汉语的时体表达系统,着重揭示其在时体范畴的表达上,因底层影响而出现的若干有别于标准汉语的蒙古语特征。在此基础上,文章对语言接触理论中有关皮钦语和克里奥尔语时体系统普遍特征的论述加以检讨,解释了蒙式汉语具有不同于一般皮钦语和克里奥尔语特征的后置时体标记的原因。
A large number of literary texts in Yuan Dynasty were based on Mongolian Mongolian spoken language. This paper explores the social and historical background of Mongolian Chinese, reflects the Mongolian Chinese corpus and the nature of the Mongolian Chinese and other issues, that Mongolian Chinese is essentially a kind of language with the northern Chinese as the upper language, Mongolian as the bottom of the skin Chin language. The article also uses literal translation literatures as the main investigation object, systematically describes the system of time-style expression of Mongolian Chinese, emphasizes on its expression in the category of tense body, several Mongolian features that are different from standard Chinese . On this basis, the article reviews the linguistic contact theories on the universal features of the systems of the Pichin and Creole systems, explaining that the Mongolian language has characteristics different from the general Pichin and Creole languages The reason behind the post-tau tagging.