历史文本阅读是学生学习历史的关键能力。15年前,笔者提出,历史学科能力结构中,历史思维能力是核心,阅读能力、阐述能力和评价能力是其具体表现。~①现在看起来,当时的研究不够细致,与欧美对历史学科能力的研究比较,对历史思维能力的理解还有很多欠缺。美国国家历史课程标准(5~12年级)确定了历史思维能 History text reading is a key ability for students to learn history. Fifteen years ago, the author proposed that the capacity of historical thinking is the core of history ability, the ability of reading, the ability to explain and the ability to evaluate are the concrete manifestation of it. Now it seems that the studies at that time were not detailed enough. Compared with the research on the ability of history in Europe and the United States, there is still a lot of lack of understanding of the ability of thinking in history. The American National History Curriculum Standards (grades 5 to 12) set the standard of historical thinking