本文介绍了X射线衍射分析的基本原理和方法步骤,并阐明了该方法为当今研究蛋白质空间结构的有效工具。文中列举了一些在生物学发展中利用X射线衍射分析方法取得的重大成果,指出了该方法的优越性和有待改进的问题。最后文章指明了蛋白质结构分析的技术现状和未来技术发展的焦点。 This paper introduces the basic principles and method steps of X-ray diffraction analysis, and illustrates that this method is an effective tool for studying the protein spatial structure. The article lists some of the major achievements in the use of X-ray diffraction analysis in the development of biology and points out the superiority of the method and the problems to be improved. The final article indicates the state of the art of protein structure analysis and the focus of future technological developments.