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目的了解中学生食用早餐和快餐以及采用不正确方式减肥的现状,为政府,卫生、教育部门和学校制定学校卫生保健工作发展规划,促进学校健康成长提供科学依据。方法采取分层整群抽样方法,抽取北京市朝阳区13所学校的初中和高中共计85个班级的2379名学生,调查采用《北京市青少年健康相关行为调查问卷(初中)》和《北京市青少年健康相关行为调查问卷(高中)》。结果在过去7天内,80.14%的学生至少有5天吃早餐,其中有57.82%的学生每天吃早餐,但仍有3.89%没有吃早餐。女生吃早餐5天以上者比例高于男生(χ2=5.196,P=0.023);重点中学吃早餐5天以上者比例最高,其次是普通中学,职业高中最低(χ2=31.364,P<0.001)。在过去7天内,0.89%的学生每天吃快餐,至少3天吃快餐的学生占7.03%,生活在不同家庭结构的学生食用快餐情况有明显差异,重组家庭的学生最高,隔代家庭的学生最低(χ2=11.541,P=0.042),母亲文化程度高的中学生食用快餐率高于母亲文化程度低的中学生(χ2=6.243,P=0.044)。在过去30天内,31.15%的中学生有错误减肥的行为,女生高于男生(χ2=43.74,P<0.001);不同类型中学中以职业中学最高,重点初中最低,且普通中学与重点中学相比,普通中学学生错误减肥率较高;高中生错误减肥率高于初中生(χ2=26.50,P<0.001);超重学生错误减肥率高于肥胖学生(χ2=8.204,P=0.004)。结论中学生健康危险行为问题不容忽视,学校、家庭、社会应根据青少年健康危险行为发生的特点,积极采取有效的的预防措施,防止或减少危害健康行为的发生。
Objective To understand the current situation of high school students eating breakfast and fast food and adopting incorrect ways to lose weight and provide scientific basis for government, health department, education department and school to formulate the development planning of school health care work and promote the healthy growth of school. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to collect 2379 students from 85 classes in junior and senior high schools in 13 schools in Chaoyang District of Beijing. The questionnaires were surveyed using “Beijing Youth Health-Related Behavior Questionnaire (Junior High School)” and “Beijing Youth Health related behavior questionnaire (high school) ”. Results In the past 7 days, 80.14% of students had breakfast for at least 5 days, 57.82% of them ate breakfast everyday, but 3.89% still did not eat breakfast. The percentage of girls who eat breakfast for more than five days was higher than that of boys (χ2 = 5.196, P = 0.023). The students who ate high school breakfast for more than five days had the highest proportion, followed by ordinary middle school and the lowest in vocational high school (χ2 = 31.364, P <0.001). In the past 7 days, 0.89% of students eat fast food daily, 7.03% of students eat fast food in at least 3 days. Students living in different family structures have significant differences in eating fast food, with the highest in students in reorganized families and the lowest in students of alternate generations (χ2 = 11.541, P = 0.042). The fast food consumption rate of high school students with high level of maternal education was higher than that of middle school students with low level of education (χ2 = 6.243, P = 0.044). In the past 30 days, 31.15% of middle school students had wrong weight-loss behaviors, girls were higher than boys (χ2 = 43.74, P <0.001); middle school of different types had the highest vocational middle school and lowest key middle school, (Χ2 = 26.50, P <0.001). The rate of false weight loss in overweight students was higher than that in obese students (χ2 = 8.204, P = 0.004). Conclusions The health risk behaviors of middle school students should not be neglected. Schools, families and communities should take effective precautionary measures according to the characteristics of adolescent health risk behaviors and prevent or reduce the occurrence of health hazards.