生态学是生物及其群落的生活条件、它们彼此之间以及和周围环境之间的相互关系、环境本身在空间和时间上的变化的科学,这门科学具有日益广泛的意义。在现代森林自然界的科学中,生态学是规模最大而最重要的部门,森林自然界生态学方面的意义甚至超出了这门科学的范围。森林是生物圈最重要的组成部分之 Ecology is the science of the living conditions of living things and their communities, their interrelationships with one another and their surroundings, and the changes in the environment itself in space and time. This science has an increasingly wider meaning. In the science of modern natural forests, ecology is the largest and most important sector, and the ecological significance of forest nature even goes beyond the scope of this science. Forests are the most important part of the biosphere