由于防痨工作的大力发展,人民的体质增强,结核病的患病率及死亡率已明显下降。但在儿童期,结核病仍为较常见的慢性传染病,不仅发病率较成人为高,而且其临床表现也与成人有所不同。了解小儿结核病的特点,及早诊断,及早冶疗,做好预防,仍是小儿结核病防治的重要任务。 Owing to the vigorous development of anti-tuberculosis work and the enhancement of the people’s physique, the prevalence and mortality of tuberculosis have dropped markedly. However, in childhood, tuberculosis is still the most common chronic infectious disease, not only in adults but also in clinical manifestations. To understand the characteristics of pediatric tuberculosis, early diagnosis, early treatment, good prevention, is still an important task in pediatric tuberculosis prevention and treatment.