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目的了解新疆阿克苏地区第一人民医院住院儿童的疾病构成,为卫生行政部门和医院管理部门制定儿科疾病的预防与治疗措施以及合理配置卫生资源提供参考。方法收集新疆阿克苏地区第一人民医院2015年0~14岁出院儿童的住院病案首页信息,将主要诊断按照国际疾病分类(ICD-10)编码对其疾病构成进行分析。结果在收集的12 136例住院儿童的病例首页信息中,患肺炎、腹泻和急性上呼吸道感染的儿童分别占住院儿童总数的23.4%、11.8%和9.6%。患肺炎、急性上呼吸道感染、急性支气管炎和新生儿黄疸的汉族儿童所占比例高于少数民族,患腹泻和尿石病的汉族儿童低于少数民族。位列疾病构成前3位的系统疾病分别是呼吸系统疾病(37.2%)、起源于围生期疾病(15.6%)、传染病和寄生虫病(12.2%)。呼吸系统疾病位居0~4岁儿童疾病构成第1位,损伤与中毒居5~14岁儿童疾病构成第1位。结论呼吸系统疾病是威胁该地区儿童健康的主要疾病,儿童聚集的场所应采取预防隔离措施。儿童传染病高发,其防治仍是该地区疾病预防与控制的重点。根据不同性别、民族、年龄段的疾病顺位差异,提出有针对性的防治措施。
Objective To understand the disease structure of hospitalized children in First People’s Hospital of Aksu, Xinjiang, and to provide reference for health administration departments and hospital management departments to formulate preventive and therapeutic measures for pediatric diseases and to rationally allocate health resources. Methods To collect the first page information of inpatient medical records of discharged children aged 0-14 years in First People’s Hospital of Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang Province. The main diagnosis was made according to the classification of International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Results In the first page of collected case information of 12 136 hospitalized children, children suffering from pneumonia, diarrhea and acute upper respiratory tract infection accounted for 23.4%, 11.8% and 9.6% of the total number of hospitalized children respectively. Han children with pneumonia, acute upper respiratory tract infection, acute bronchitis and neonatal jaundice accounted for a higher proportion of Han children than ethnic minorities, and Han children with diarrhea and urolithiasis were below ethnic minorities. The top three systemic diseases ranked as respiratory diseases (37.2%), perinatal diseases (15.6%), infectious diseases and parasitic diseases (12.2%), respectively. Respiratory diseases among 0 to 4-year-old children constitute the first disease, injury and poisoning children aged 5 to 14 constitute the first disease. Conclusion Respiratory diseases are the major diseases threatening the health of children in this area. Prevention measures should be taken in places where children gather. Children with high incidence of infectious diseases, its prevention and control is still the focus of disease prevention and control in the region. According to the differences in the sequence of diseases of different sexes, ethnic groups and age groups, we put forward targeted prevention and treatment measures.