国家退耕还林还草的基本措施是“退耕还林（草），封山绿化，以粮代赈，个体承包。”根本目的是防治水土流失和土壤沙化。重点要退的耕地有，粮食产量低而不稳、水土流失严重的坡耕地，特别是陡坡耕地以及易造成土壤沙化的耕地。国家退耕还林还草的政策有：（１）国家向退耕户? The basic measure of returning farmland to forest and grassland is “returning farmland to forest (grass), closing hillsides to afforestation, individual grain contracting, and relief.” The fundamental purpose is to prevent and control soil erosion and soil desertification. The key cultivated land to be returned is sloping cultivated land with low and unstable grain output and serious water and soil loss, especially steep slope cultivated land and farmland liable to cause soil desertification. The policy of returning farmland to forest and grassland in the country includes: