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目的了解存在粉尘危害的个体企业的职业健康管理现状。方法以唐山市473家存在粉尘危害的个体企业为研究对象,采用自行设计的调查表,对这些企业的职业健康管理现状进行分析。结果该市存在粉尘危害的个体企业中,64.7%和62.2%的个体企业有职业卫生管理机构和专项经费,但配备专(兼)职职业卫生人员的比例较低(25.8%)。企业有职业病防治管理制度和粉尘监测制度的分别占20.9%和16.3%。2010年个体企业粉尘监测合格率为38.0%。粉尘危害防护措施的落实情况较好,达到75.7%。但是按规定发放防护用品的企业较少(28.5%),且防护用品的使用率低(21.1%)。结论存在粉尘危害的个体企业职业卫生专业人员配备不足,职业病防治管理制度、粉尘监测制度不健全,个体防护用品发放和使用情况不理想。
Objective To understand the status quo of occupational health management in individual enterprises with dust hazard. Methods Taking individual enterprises with dust hazard in 473 Tangshan City as research objects, self-designed questionnaires were used to analyze the current situation of occupational health management in these enterprises. As a result, 64.7% and 62.2% of the individual enterprises with dust hazard in the city have occupational health management institutions and special funds, but the proportion of those with specialized occupational health workers is low (25.8%). Enterprises occupy 20.9% and 16.3% of occupational disease prevention and control system and dust monitoring system respectively. In 2010 the individual enterprise dust monitoring pass rate was 38.0%. Dust hazard prevention measures implemented better, reaching 75.7%. However, fewer enterprises (28.5%) issued protective clothing as required and their use of protective equipment was low (21.1%). Conclusion There is a shortage of occupational health professionals in individual enterprises with dust hazards and the management system of occupational disease prevention and control. The dust monitoring system is not perfect, and the distribution and use of personal protective equipment are not satisfactory.