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为了研究土层隔水层在采动及渗流作用下的破坏规律,采用了固-液耦合相似材料模拟试验研究和土层破坏理论分析。试验表明,在采用的长壁间隔式开采中,浅埋煤层中的组合关键层破断后进入裂隙带,隔水土层协调运动进入弯曲下沉带。该开采方法改变了岩层的运动破坏规律,抑制了采动裂隙在隔水土层中的发展,避免了导水裂隙与含水层贯通,达到了保护土层的采动隔水性目的。土层变形、破坏理论分析表明,组合关键层的破断距亦即对应土层的跨距,在弯曲下沉过程中没达到变形破坏极限跨距,不会产生导水裂隙,满足保持隔水性能的判据。现场开采实践证明,试验工作面开采后未出现潜水渗漏。该方法并已成功实现多个工作面的保水开采。
In order to study the failure law of soil aquifuge under the action of mining and seepage, the simulation experiment of similar materials of solid-liquid coupling and the theoretical analysis of soil failure are adopted. Experiments show that in the long-wall interval mining adopted, the key layers in the shallow coal seam are broken and enter the fracture zone, and the water-bearing soil layer moves into the curved sink zone. The mining method changes the law of rock failure and restrains the development of mining fractures in the water-retaining soil layer, and avoids the water-conducting fractures and the aquifer through, thus achieving the purpose of protecting the soil from mining. The analysis of soil deformation and failure shows that the breaking distance of the key layer is the span of the corresponding soil layer and does not reach the ultimate limit of deformation and failure during bending and sinking, Criteria. Field mining practice shows that there is no diving leakage after mining on the test face. This method has successfully achieved the water-retaining and mining of several working faces.