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目的:对安徽省新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)病例标本进行新型冠状病毒核酸检测，分析各类标本检出情况，为病例确诊及判断样本带毒风险提供依据。方法:采用实时荧光RT-PCR方法检测197病例466份临床标本，病毒靶基因为ORF1ab和N，应用卡方检验探讨不同标本在不同临床分型和发病时间核酸阳性率差异。结果:COVID-19病例痰液标本在各临床标本中阳性率最高94.67%(160/169)，其次为咽拭子88.83%(159/179)，血清6.78%(4/59)，全血标本阳性率较低，为5.08%(3/59)。发病0～7 d普通型患者咽拭子阳性率和痰液阳性检出率差异有统计学意义(n χ2＝8.994，n P＝0.003)。n 结论:痰液标本核酸阳性检出率高于咽拭子标本，COVID-19病例血液标本存在病毒核酸，存在感染风险。“,”Objective:To examine 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) RNA in clinical specimens of COVID-19 patients in Anhui province, and provide evidence for laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 and risk assessment of clinical specimens.Methods:ORF1ab gene and N gene of 2019-nCoV were detected by real-time fluorescence RT-PCR in 466 clinical specimens of 197 COVID-19 cases. Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences in positive rates of specimens with clinical classification and time of onset.Results:The positive rates of 2019-nCoV in throat swab, sputum, serum, blood sample were 88.83%, 94.67%, 6.78% and 5.08%. The positive rate for 2019-nCoV RNA in throat swabs and sputum differed significantly (n χ2=8.994, n P=0.003) in common cases during 7 days after illness onset.n Conclusions:The positive rate of RNA in sputum was higher than throat swabs. 2019-nCoV RNA was detected in serum and blood specimens of COVID-19 cases. There was a risk of serum and blood specimens for transmission of COVID-19.