在中枢神经系中包裹许多较大轴索的髓鞘是由少支胶质细胞形成的,一个少支胶质细胞在几个邻近的轴索上形成结间段的髓鞘。选择性髓鞘脱失发生于人或动物的中枢神经系的显然是很不同的疾病中,而其脱髓鞘的机制是各异的。某些髓鞘构成有缺陷的白质营养不良症伴有先天的酶缺乏。毒物包括三乙基锡、六氯苯、脱脂酸卵磷脂及白喉毒素直接损害髓鞘,而cuprizone或ethidium bromide则可累及少支胶质细胞;脱髓鞘发生于代谢疾病中以及见于对机械的异常(包括压迫)的反应。然而在人的脱髓鞘疾病 The myelin sheath, which encompasses many of the larger axons in the central nervous system, is formed by a small number of glial cells, and a few glial cells form the myelin of the intercostal space on several adjacent axons. Selective demyelination occurs in apparently very different diseases of the central nervous system of humans or animals, and its demyelination mechanism varies. Some myelin sheaths form defective white matter dystrophy with congenital enzyme deficiency. Toxins such as triethyltin, hexachlorobenzene, lecithin and diphtheria toxin directly damage myelin, while cuprizone or ethidium bromide can affect oligodendrocytes; demyelination occurs in metabolic diseases as well as in mechanical Abnormal (including oppression) response. However, in people’s demyelinating disease