改革开放的历史误区──晚清湖北新政运动失败探析宋亚平１９世纪９０年代，湖北地方政府在张之洞等督抚大臣的领导下，继承早期“洋务”精神，围绕“自强”、“求富”目标，组织发动了一场以新式工商业经济为主要内容，同时涉及政治、军事、文化教育等领域改革开放的新政... Historical Misunderstanding of Reform and Opening-up: An Analysis of the Failure of the New Deal in Hubei Province in the Late Qing Dynasty Song Yaping In the 1890s, under the leadership of Governor-General Zhang Zhidong and other governors and governors, Hubei local government inherited the spirit of “Westernization” in the early days and focused on “self-improvement” and “seeking prosperity” Goal and organization to launch a new policy that takes the new industrial and commercial economy as its main content and involves the reform and opening up in the political, military, cultural and educational fields ...