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人与国家的关系是复杂的,从历史上看,正如法学家潘大道所说,国家“都是为少数人所独占——君主、军阀、资本家及专业之官僚、政客等”,他们在阶级社会中常常是国家的代表,这必然造成个体对国家的复杂态度。所以,陈独秀在谈到爱国主义时说道“:要问我们应当不应当爱国,先要问国家是什么。”80多年前的声音今天听来是感慨良多——“我们爱的是国家为人民谋幸福的国家,而不是人民为国家做牺牲的国家。”
The relationship between man and country is complicated. Historically speaking, as the jurist Pan Road stated, the state “is monopolized by a small number of people — monarchs, warlords, capitalists and professional bureaucrats, politicians, etc.” and they are in classes. The society is often the representative of the country, which will inevitably cause the individual’s complex attitude toward the country. Therefore, when talking about patriotism, Chen Duxiu said: “To ask us whether we should patriotism, we must first ask what the state is.” The voice of more than 80 years ago was a lot of emotion today – “We love the country for people. The country that seeks happiness is not the country where the people sacrificed for the country."