论文部分内容阅读
目的分析十堰市麻疹疫情流行特点和规律,探讨加速消除麻疹的策略和措施,为消除麻疹工作提供科学依据。方法收集2005-2012年《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》和《麻疹监测信息报告管理系统》报告的麻疹疫情资料及麻疹病例个案调查表数据,采用SPSS18.0软件进行统计分析。结果全市2005-2012年共报告病例1 303例,无死亡病例,年平均发病率为4.94/10万。2005-2011年麻疹发病率呈缓慢下降趋势,2012年迅速下降,发病率降至最低,不同年度间发病率差别有统计学意义(χ2=443.052,P<0.01)。8个县(市、区)中,茅箭区年均发病率最高,超过10/10万,其次为房县7.82/10万,竹山县最低为1.08/10万。发病季节主要集中在3-6月份,共发病850例,占病例总数的65.23%。发病最小年龄3月龄,最大年龄65岁,1-岁年龄组病例最多占31.62%,其次为<1岁年龄组,占25.63%,15~岁年龄组病例数最少,占4.99%。结论十堰市近年来麻疹疫情发病率呈下降趋势,个别县(市、区)疫情形势严峻,需要继续加强监测;加强常规免疫服务,加强入托、入学查验预防接种证工作;加强流动儿童和计划外生育儿童的管理等,根据各县(市、区)实际情况,适时开展针对性较强的麻疹疫苗强化免疫,提高人群免疫保护水平,将麻疹发病率控制在1/100万以下。
Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics and laws of measles epidemic in Shiyan City, discuss the strategies and measures to accelerate the elimination of measles, and provide a scientific basis for the elimination of measles. Methods The data of measles epidemic and measles cases collected from “China Disease Prevention and Control Information System” and “Measles Report Information Management System” from 2005 to 2012 were collected and analyzed by SPSS18.0 software. Results A total of 1 303 cases were reported in the city from 2005 to 2012, with no deaths and the average annual incidence was 4.94 / 100 000. The incidence of measles in 2005-2011 showed a slowly decreasing trend. The incidence of measles dropped rapidly in 2012 and the morbidity dropped to a minimum. The incidence of measles in different years was significantly different (χ2 = 443.052, P <0.01). In 8 counties (cities and districts), the annual average incidence rate of Maojian District was the highest, exceeding 10 million, followed by 7.82 / 100,000 in Fang County and 1.08 / 100,000 in Zhushan County. The onset season mainly concentrated in March-June, a total of 850 cases, accounting for 65.23% of the total number of cases. The minimum age of onset was 3 months, the maximum age was 65 years. The cases of 1- age group accounted for a maximum of 31.62%, followed by <1-year-old group, accounting for 25.63%. The 15- age group had the least number of cases (4.99%). Conclusions The incidence of measles epidemic in Shiyan City has shown a downward trend in recent years. The epidemic situation in some counties (cities and districts) is in dire situation and monitoring needs to be strengthened. Conventional immunization services should be stepped up to strengthen vaccination certificates for nursery and entrance examination. According to the actual conditions of counties (cities and districts), timely and intensively targeted measles vaccine to strengthen immunity and improve the level of population immunization, the incidence of measles control in less than 1 million.