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长期以来,我国农垦系统沿用翻、耙、压等土壤耕作方法,形成了以铧式犁为主要工具的连年翻耕的传统耕作制度。随着土壤熟化和土地利用时间的延长,连年同层耕翻或机械强翻,土壤团粒结构受到破坏,有机质含量逐年下降,坚硬的犁底层,影响着土壤的蓄水能力和作物的根系发育。地表裸露加剧了土壤风蚀和水土流失,使作物失去了适宜的生长环境。同时传统耕作集中重复作业,在一定程度上造成延误农时,浪费能源,加大生产成本。
For a long time, the system of tillage, raking and pressing in tillage system has been adopted in China’s agricultural and land-reclamation system to form a traditional tillage system that uses plowshare as the main tool for successive years of tillage. With the maturation of soil and the prolongation of land use, soil plowing or mechanical turning over successive years resulted in the destruction of soil aggregate structure and the decrease of organic matter content. The hard plow bottom layer affected soil water storage capacity and crop root development. Surface exposure exacerbates soil erosion and soil erosion, leaving the crop with an unfriendly growth environment. At the same time, traditional farming concentrated on repeated operations, to a certain extent, delayed farming, wasting energy and increasing production costs.