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土的结构性是指土颗粒和孔隙的性状和排列型式(或称组构)及颗粒之间力的相互作用。结构性的形成原因是多种多样的,土颗粒的矿物成分、沉积条件及孔隙水中的化学成分都会影响土的结构性。在地层形成之后,由于物理、化学的作用,如次固结、卸荷、风化及淋洗等因素都会改变原来的结构而形成新的结构性。所以,由于成因的不同,结构性的强弱程度及稳定性也有所差异。应该认为,绝大多数的天然沉积土都具有一定程度的结构性。土的多相性及结构性是区别于其他材料的主要特征,由此造成土具有剪胀性、各向异性及流变性等性状。
Soil structure refers to the behavior and arrangement (or fabric) of soil particles and pores and the interaction of forces between particles. The structural causes are various, and the mineral composition of the soil particles, the deposition conditions, and the chemical composition in the pore water all influence the structure of the soil. After the formation of the formation, due to physical and chemical effects, such as secondary consolidation, unloading, weathering, and elution, etc. will change the original structure and form a new structure. Therefore, due to different causes, structural strength and stability are also different. It should be considered that the vast majority of natural sedimentary soils have a certain degree of structural properties. The heterogeneity and structure of soil are the main characteristics that distinguish it from other materials, resulting in properties such as dilatancy, anisotropy, and rheology.