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目的:比较不同采收期乌头不同组织中乌头总碱和双酯型生物碱(新乌头碱、乌头碱和次乌头碱)的含量,为毒性及药效学研究提供依据。方法:用酸性染料比色法测定乌头不同组织中总生物碱的含量;反相高效液相色谱法测定新乌头碱、乌头碱、次乌头碱的含量,流动相为乙腈-40 mmol·L-1乙酸铵水,梯度洗脱,流速1 mL·min-1,检测波长240 nm,柱温30℃。结果:6月4日之前采收的乌头的不同组织部位总生物碱含量明显小于6月18日和7月3日,乌头最佳采收期可确定为6月底至7月初。乌头地上部分乌头类总生物碱的含量小于地下部分,不同采收期乌头各组织部位中乌头类总生物碱和双酯型生物碱含量顺序大体为:须根>子根>母根>叶片≈茎秆。结论:该研究初步了解了乌头各组织部位生物碱类成分的动态变化规律,确认了乌头的最佳采收期及各组织部位生物碱类成分的含量差异。
OBJECTIVE: To compare the contents of aconitum and di-ester alkaloids (mesaconitine, aconitine and hypaconitine) in different tissues of Aconitum at different harvesting stages, and to provide basis for the study of toxicity and pharmacodynamics. Methods: The contents of total alkaloids in different tissues of Aconitum were determined by acid dye colorimetry. The contents of mesaconitine, aconitine and hypaconitine were determined by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-40 mmol·L -1 ammonium acetate, gradient elution, flow rate 1 mL · min-1, detection wavelength 240 nm, column temperature 30 ℃. Results: The content of total alkaloids in different tissues of Aconitum collected before June 4 was significantly less than that on June 18 and July 3, and the best recovery period of Aconitum was determined from the end of June to the beginning of July. Aconitum alkaloids on the ground part of the content of Aconitum less than the underground part of the different recovery time Aconitum tissue parts Aconitum alkaloids and diester alkaloids in the order of the general order: root> root> root > Leaves ≈ stalks. Conclusion: The study preliminary understanding of the dynamic changes of alkaloid components of various tissues of Aconitum to confirm the best recovery of Aconitum and alkaloid components of each tissue part of the content difference.