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我们知识中的绝大部分是由概称句表述的。建立概称句的形式语义对非单调推理以及人工智能中的知识表示等研究都有非常重要的意义。概称句意义分析是建立其形式语义的基础。目前关于概称句意义主要有两类研究:基于概率论的研究和基于可能世界语义学的研究。本文对概率论的研究进行了分析,指出其本质是外延的解释这一根本缺陷,在可能世界语义学研究所提出的正常性概念的基础上,进一步深化研究,强调对正常性概念的内涵分析,提出了概称句的典范形式,进而提出正常个体选择的三个原则,以及据此建立了正常个体的选择函数,避免了原来研究对正常性概念的外延性处理。本文建立了一个新的概称句形式语义的理论基础,提供了建立该语义的技术关键。
The vast majority of our knowledge is expressed in the Synopsis. The formal semantics of establishing generalized sentences are very important to the research of nonmonotonic reasoning and knowledge representation in artificial intelligence. General Sentence meaning analysis is to establish the basis of its formal semantics. At present, there are mainly two types of research on the meaning of generic sentences: research based on probability theory and research based on possible world semantics. This paper analyzes the research of probability theory and points out that its essence is the fundamental defect of the explanation of epitaxy. On the basis of the concept of normality proposed by the possible world semantics, the paper further deepens the research and emphasizes the connotation of the concept of normality , Put forward the canonical form of the generalized sentence, and then put forward three principles of the normal individual selection, and establish the selection function of the normal individual accordingly, which avoids the original study of the extension of the concept of normality. This paper establishes a theoretical basis for a new generic form formal semantics and provides the technical key to establish the semantic.