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王水,是指浓硝酸和浓盐酸的混合溶液,无色,迅速变黄,腐蚀性极强,能溶解金、铂和硫化汞等极难溶的物质。由于其稳定性差,仅在使用前配制。其成分大多数教材和资料上都以浓硝酸与浓盐酸的体积比为1:3表示。但也有教材以摩尔比1:3表示。何者较确切呢?王水的有效成分是什么?各说不一,本文谈谈一己浅见。
Wangshui refers to a mixed solution of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated hydrochloric acid. It is colorless, rapidly yellowing, and highly corrosive. It can dissolve extremely insoluble substances such as gold, platinum, and mercury sulfide. Due to its poor stability, it is only prepared before use. Most of its ingredients are represented by a 1:3 volumetric ratio of concentrated nitric acid to concentrated hydrochloric acid. However, there are also textbooks with a molar ratio of 1:3. What is more accurate? What is the effective composition of Wang Shui? There are different opinions. This article talks about one’s own views.