一、孤独的知识者尽管在小说文本内外都有着对《人境》中的主人公马拉身份的困惑和怀疑——农民?知识分子?文人?——作家作为全知叙述者对马拉的身份其实从一开始就明确定位了:“在逯老师那儿,马拉实现了从一个懵懂少年到具有独立意识的现代青年知识者的蜕变。”作为具有独立意识的现代知识者,马垃给人留下最鲜明的印象是——孤独。马垃的人生经历看起来有些“异样”。原乡的遗落、 First, the lonely intellectuals have puzzles and suspicions of Mara’s identity in the “human environment” both inside and outside of the novel - peasants, intellectuals, literati - the writer’s omniscience narrator’s identity as a horse From the very beginning, it clearly defined: “In the teachers’ school, Mara realized the transformation from an ignorant boy to an independent young man with independent consciousness.” “As a modern intellectual with an independent consciousness, The clearest impression left is - loneliness. Ma’s life experience looks a bit ”strange". The fall of the original township,