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为了给旱作春小麦高产栽培提供理论依据,在内蒙古自治区呼盟岭北、赤峰巴林左旗(林东)两个典型旱作区设置试验,对小麦群体干物质的积累规律及其不同农艺栽培措施影响下的变化进行了研究。结果表明,春小麦群体干物质积累量在生育期间均呈“S”型曲线变化。高产优化栽培条件下,群体干物质积累过程可分为三个阶段,即出苗至拔节(出苗后30 d内)为指数增长期;拔节至乳熟期(出苗后31～65 d)为直线增长期;乳熟末至完熟期(出苗后65～80 d)为缓慢增长期。不同农艺栽培措施对春小麦群体干物质积累量变化的趋势与此基本一致。生产上,确定适宜的种植密度,氨、磷、钾肥适量配合施用,可延缓开花后干物质积累速度的下降,促进小麦群体干物质积累量的增大,实现春小麦高产。
In order to provide theoretical basis for high yielding cultivation of spring wheat in dry land, experiments were carried out on two typical arid areas in Huhulin Mountains in Northwest Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Balinzuoqi (Lindong) in Chifeng. The accumulation of dry matter and its different agronomic practices Under the influence of the changes were studied. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation of spring wheat population showed “S” curve during growth period. Under high-yielding and optimized cultivation, the process of population dry matter accumulation can be divided into three stages, that is, the exponential growth period from emergence to jointing (within 30 days after emergence); Straight growth from jointing to milk ripening (31-65 days after emergence) Period; milk cooked to maturity (65 ~ 80 d after emergence) for the slow growth period. The trend of dry matter accumulation of spring wheat population under different agronomic practices is consistent with this trend. In the production, the appropriate planting density was determined, and the appropriate amount of ammonia, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers could retard the decline of dry matter accumulation rate after flowering and promote the increase of dry matter accumulation of wheat population and achieve high yield of spring wheat.