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鬼神观念是思想信仰的重要组成部分,鬼神观念的进步标志着人们认识水平的提高,也标志着人们的思维从感性逐步走向了理性。尽管鬼神观念早已有之,但长期以来,人们的鬼神观并不能取得一致。春秋战国,是我国文明的“轴心时代”。这一时期,诸子各抒己见,在鬼神观上亦是如此。道家作为诸子百家中举足轻重的一家,在鬼神观上也有自己的建树,并且对后来的道教产生了深远的影响。本文将着重从老庄承认鬼神的存在、弱化鬼神的能力两方面探讨老庄的鬼神思想,以丰富我们对老庄思想的理解。
The concept of spirits and gods is an important part of the ideological beliefs. The progress of the spirits and gods marks the improvement of people’s cognition level, and also marks the gradual movement of people’s thinking from sensibility to rationality. Although the concept of ghosts and gods has long existed, people’s concept of ghosts and gods can not be reconciled for a long time. Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period, is China’s civilized “axis era ”. During this period, all of them expressed their opinions and views, as well as on the ghosts and gods. Taoism, as one of the most important people in the hundreds of schools of thought, also has its own achievements in the spirits and gods and has had a profound impact on later Taoism. This article will focus on Lao Zi and Zhuang Zhuang’s ghosts and gods thoughts in order to enrich our understanding of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zhuang from the aspects of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zhuang’s recognition of the existence of ghosts and gods and the ability to weaken the ghosts and gods.