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土壤侵蚀已成为印度的一个严重问题.鉴于缺乏精确估算全国土壤侵蚀总量的方法,本文介绍一种方法,可初步估算出土壤侵蚀量、各河流输沙量和各水库的淤积量.在分析过程中,利用了全国现有20个土地资源分区的历年土壤流失资料、若干河流的输沙量和36个流域的降水侵蚀力以及17座主要水库的淤积量,推导出了计算泥沙量的统计回归方程.利用该方程和相应的面积、降水、降水侵蚀力、地表径流、计算出每年河流的总输沙量、各水库的淤积量和永久流入海洋的沉积损失量.这种方法基本还是一种近似法,土壤侵蚀正在以16.35吨/公顷/年的速率发展着,该值高于4.5～11.2吨/公顷/年的土壤侵蚀允许值.土壤侵蚀总量约29%永远地流入大海,10%沉积在各水库中,其余61%离开原来的位置,从一个地方移迁到另一个地方.
Soil erosion has become a serious problem in India. In view of the lack of a precise method to estimate the total amount of soil erosion in the country, this paper presents a method that can initially estimate the amount of soil erosion, the amount of sediment in each river and the amount of sedimentation in each reservoir. In the process, the historical data of soil loss, the sediment discharge of some rivers and the precipitation erosion of 36 basins and the sedimentation of 17 major reservoirs were used to calculate the sediment yield Statistical regression equation.Using the equation and the corresponding area, precipitation, erosion erosivity, surface runoff to calculate the total annual river sediment discharge, sedimentation of the reservoir and permanent influx of the ocean sediment loss.This method is still basically An approximation is that soil erosion is progressing at a rate of 16.35 tonnes / ha / year, which is above the allowable soil erosion of 4.5-11.2 t / ha / year, with about 29% of total soil erosion permanently flowing into the sea, 10% are deposited in reservoirs and the remaining 61% leave their original location and move from one place to another.