论文部分内容阅读
在长江中游双季稻地区(江西上高),以籼粳杂交稻、杂交粳稻、常规粳稻和杂交籼稻4种类型20个具有代表性的品种为材料,采用湿润育秧大苗移栽种植方式,设置各类型品种最适的高产栽培处理,系统比较分析了不同类型水稻品种产量及其构成、茎蘖动态、叶面积动态与组成、光合势、干物质积累、群体生长率和净同化率等方面的差异,以期为双季稻区适宜品种的选用以及高产栽培提供理论依据与技术支撑。结果表明,双季晚稻不同类型品种产量表现为籼粳杂交稻>杂交粳稻>常规粳稻>杂交籼稻,差异极显著。籼粳杂交稻群体产量最高的原因是在保持一定穗数的基础上,极显著增加每穗粒数,进而提高群体颖花量,同时保持稳定的结实率和千粒重。与杂交粳稻、常规粳稻和杂交籼稻群体相比,籼粳杂交稻群体茎蘖数于生育前期稳步增长,在有效分蘖临界叶龄期及时够苗,够苗后增长平缓,高峰苗数量较少、下降平缓,成穗率中等(73.19%左右);群体叶面积指数前期增长较缓,最大值出现在孕穗期,为7.93左右,此后平稳减少,抽穗期叶面积指数、有效叶面积率、高效叶面积率及粒叶比均极显著增高,成熟期仍保持3.85以上;群体干物质积累量有效分蘖临界叶龄期和拔节期少,拔节后干物质积累速度较快,孕穗期、抽穗期、乳熟期和成熟期显著或极显著增高,且生育中后期干物质积累比例高;群体光合势、群体生长率和净同化率表现为“前小,中高,后强”。
In the double cropping paddy region (Shanggao, Jiangxi Province) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, 20 representative wheat cultivars with 4 indica and japonica hybrid rice, japonica hybrid rice, conventional japonica rice and indica hybrid rice were used as transplanting methods. The optimum high-yield cultivation treatments for all kinds of cultivars were systematically analyzed in terms of yield and composition, tiller dynamics, leaf area dynamic and composition, photosynthetic potential, dry matter accumulation, population growth rate and net assimilation rate of different rice varieties Difference, in order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for selection of double cropping rice suitable varieties and high-yielding cultivation. The results showed that the yield of different types of double cropping late rice showed indica-japonica hybrid rice> japonica hybrid rice> japonica conventional rice> indica hybrid rice, the difference was extremely significant. The reason for the highest yield of indica japonica hybrid rice is that the number of grains per spike was significantly increased while maintaining a certain number of spikes, thereby increasing the population spikelet yield while maintaining a stable seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight. Compared with indica hybrid rice, conventional japonica rice and indica hybrid rice, indica-japonica hybrid rice showed a steady increase in tiller number at early growth stage, (73.19% or so). The leaf area index increased slowly in the early period, and the maximum appeared at booting stage, about 7.93, then decreased steadily. The leaf area index at heading stage, effective leaf area ratio and high efficiency leaf Area ratio and grain-leaf ratio increased significantly, and remained above 3.85 in mature stage. The dry matter accumulation of population had less effective leaf tillering stage and less jointing stage, faster dry matter accumulation after jointing, booting stage, The maturity and maturity were significantly or extremely significantly increased, and the proportion of dry matter accumulation in middle and late growth stage was high. The photosynthetic potential, population growth rate and net assimilation rate of the population showed “before small, medium high, and then strong”.