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一、施基肥过去果园施用基肥的时间多在冬春进行,肥量施的不少,效果却不理想,这是因为冬春气温低,有机肥施入以后腐熟分解迟缓,不易被果树吸收利用。据资料显示,从果树落叶后到第二年发芽前的5个月左右的时间中,吸收氮素数量为全年吸收总量的5%左右,磷的吸收量也只有5-8%;冬春施肥也不利于果树的生长和成花,这是因为冬春施肥,对树体的有机营养贮备作用不大,直到新梢大量发生以后,才能发挥肥效,这对早已展叶的中、短枝叶已无作用,只是促进了长梢的晚期生长,由于长梢旺长,与中、短梢争夺肥水,反会影响中、短梢顶芽的发育,不利花芽形成,而9月中下旬采果后施肥的果树,氮素吸收率可高达60%以上,对第二年展叶、开花,都有明显的效果。
First, the application of basal fertilizer orchard in the past more than the time base fertilizer in winter and spring, fertilizer applied a lot, the effect is not ideal, it is because the winter and spring temperatures are low, decomposition of decomposed organic fertilizer slow, not easily absorbed by the fruit trees . According to statistics, from the deciduous fruit trees to the second year before germination of about 5 months, the amount of nitrogen absorbed by the annual absorption of about 5% of the total, phosphorus uptake of only 5-8%; winter Spring fertilization is not conducive to the growth and flowering of fruit trees, which is because winter and spring fertilization, the role of the tree's organic nutrition reserve is not large until the shoots occur in large quantities, to play a fertilizing effect, Foliage has no effect, but to promote the late growth of long shoots, due to the long long, with short shoots compete for fertilizer, will affect the development of short shoots, top buds, unfavorable flower bud formation, Fruit trees after fertilization, nitrogen uptake rate of up to 60% or more, the second year Zhanye, flowering, have a significant effect.