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翻译准则指的是翻译标准和翻译方法。翻译标准是指翻译活动过程中达到一定要求的准则,而翻译方法则是达到这一准则的具体手段。浙籍作家关于翻译标准与翻译方法的论争非常激烈和丰富。归纳起来,主要有尊崇“信、达、雅”、主张直译、主张追求神味和神韵、主张等值翻译与多元互补、主张“归化”、“异化”并举等五个方面。然而,译家的翻译理论与具体实践之问的冲突,以学科兴趣为主导,对跨学科语境的忽略,以及对翻译的文化传播功能的淡漠,都是应该进行反思和重新审视的。关于翻译标准的论争,极大地促使了翻译文学的发展。我们如今重温这些论争,定会得到深刻的启迪意义。一是关于译者角色的启示,二是关于翻译目的的启示,三是关于理论与实践关系的启示。这些启示,对于新时期的翻译文学的发展,对于文化对外传播,以及遵循和探索更为客观、辩证、科学的翻译原则,发挥文学译者的文化使者的作用,无疑具有重要的意义。
Translation guidelines refer to translation standards and translation methods. Translation standards refer to the guidelines that meet certain requirements in the process of translation activities, and translation methods are the specific means to achieve this criterion. The controversy between the writers of Chinese and English about translation standards and translation methods is very fierce and rich. To sum up, there are mainly respected “letter, up, elegant ”, advocating literal translation, advocating the pursuit of demeanor and charm, advocating equal value translation and multiple complementarity, advocating “naturalization ”, “alienation ” and other five Aspects. However, the contradiction between translator’s translation theory and concrete practice, subject-oriented interest, neglect of interdisciplinary context and indifference to the function of cultural transmission of translation should be reconsidered and reexamined. The controversy over translation standards has greatly contributed to the development of translation literature. We are going to revisit these debates today and will certainly be profoundly enlightened. One is the enlightenment on the translator’s role, the other is the enlightenment on the purpose of translation. The third is the enlightenment on the relationship between theory and practice. These revelations are undoubtedly of great significance to the development of translation literature in the new era, to the spread of culture and to the principles of more objective, dialectical and scientific translation following the exploration and exploration and to playing the role of cultural messenger of literary translators.