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一、前言本世纪最后十年是联合国确定的“国际减灾十年”,开展这一活动的目的是要把历年来沿袭的消极救灾转变为积极的防灾、抗灾和救灾,将自然灾害的损失减轻到最低限度。解放以来,在全国各地先后部署建设了一大批冶金、石油、化工、机械、能源等系统的大型工业基地,形成了国民经济的工业基础。现代化的大型联合企业,具有生产连续性强、要害(贵重)设备集中、薄弱环节多、次生灾害重等特点,从总体来看,抗御自然灾害的能力是很低的。同时,由于规划方面的缺
I. Foreword The last decade of this century is the UN Decade of International Decen- tral Reduction set by the United Nations. The purpose of this activity is to transform the passive disaster relief that has lasted over the years into a positive disaster prevention, mitigation and disaster relief that will reduce the loss of natural disasters Reduce to a minimum. Since the liberation, large-scale industrial bases with a large number of metallurgical, petroleum, chemical, mechanical and energy systems have been deployed throughout the country and the industrial base of the national economy has been formed. Modern large-scale joint ventures have the characteristics of strong continuity of production, vital (expensive) equipment, weak links and secondary disasters. Generally speaking, the ability to resist natural disasters is very low. At the same time, due to lack of planning