外债过多不仅是导致80年代东欧国家经济困难的重要原因之一,也是目前东欧国家经济改革的严重障碍。70年代以前,东欧国家在借债方面执行了谨慎的贷款政策,在对外经济贸易合作方面,侧重发展经互会内部间的关系,同西方资本主义国家的贸易往来遵循着进出口平衡的基本原则。因此,直到1970年东欧国家欠西方外债还不足100亿美元。但是到了70年代,东欧国家普遍提出了“开放经济的战略”和“积极贷款的政策”。当时东欧一些国家不从本国的经济状况和偿还能力出发,盲目地大量从西方借债,同时又不能合理使用贷款,因此每况愈下,债务累累。到80年代初,东欧国家欠西方债务达450亿美元,比1970年增加了4.5倍。而80年代以来,由于东欧各国经济普遍困难,通货膨胀日益严重,向西方贷款的数 Excessive external debt is not only one of the important reasons that led to the economic difficulties of the Eastern European countries in the 1980s, but also a serious obstacle to the economic reforms in the Eastern European countries. Before the 1970s, Eastern European countries implemented a prudent loan policy on borrowing. With regard to cooperation in foreign economy and trade, they focused on the development of inter-economic relations and the principle of trade with western capitalist countries follows the principle of balance of imports and exports. Therefore, until 1970, Eastern European countries owed the West’s foreign debt for less than 10 billion U.S. dollars. However, by the 1970s, Eastern European countries generally proposed the “strategy of opening up their economy” and the “policy of active lending.” At that time, some countries in Eastern Europe did not proceed from their own economic conditions and ability to repay their debts. Instead, they blindly borrowed heavily from the West and failed to make proper use of their loans. As a result, the situation deteriorated and their debt was heavy. By the early 1980s, the Eastern European countries owed the West debt of 45 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 4.5 times that of 1970. Since the 1980s, due to the general economic difficulties in Eastern European countries, the inflation has become increasingly serious. The number of loans to the West