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目的:探讨不同年龄和工龄护士的职业紧张水平,为采取有效的干预措施提供依据。方法:采用方便整群抽样方法对安徽省、江苏省和上海市7家医院1 144名护士进行问卷调查,内容包括一般人口学问卷和职业紧张问卷(OSI-R)。结果:在年龄方面,30～40岁年龄组护士,职业任务、任务过重、任务冲突得分均较高,个体紧张反应总均分及各子项(人际关系紧张反应除外)得分均较高,而个体应对资源总均分及娱乐休闲得分较低,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。在工龄方面,工作5～15年组护士,职业任务总均分及各子项(任务模糊和责任感除外)得分均较高,个体紧张反应总均分及业务紧张反应、心理紧张反应得分均较高,而个体应对资源总均分及娱乐休闲得分较低,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论:本调查结果显示,中青年护士职业紧张程度较高,应针对该群体护士采取有效的预防措施,减少由于职业紧张对她们的身心健康和工作产生的影响。
Objective: To explore the occupational stress level of nurses of different ages and ages, and to provide the basis for effective intervention. Methods: A total of 1 144 nurses from 7 hospitals in Anhui Province, Jiangsu Province and Shanghai City were surveyed using the method of cluster sampling, including the General Demographic Questionnaire and Occupational Stress Questionnaire (OSI-R). Results: In terms of age, nurses in 30-40 age group had higher occupational tasks, overworking tasks and higher task conflict scores. The average scores of individual nervous reactions and all sub-items except interpersonal tension reaction were higher, However, the average score of individual resources and entertainment and leisure in coping with each other was lower, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). In terms of length of service, nurses in the group of 5 to 15 years of work had higher scores of occupational tasks and sub-items (excluding tasks ambiguity and responsibility), higher scores of overall average stress response and business tension, and psychological stress response scores High, while the individual response to the total resources and leisure entertainment score lower, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01 or P <0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this survey show that young and middle-aged nurses have higher occupational stress. Effective prevention measures should be taken against nurses in this group so as to reduce the impact of occupational stress on their physical and mental health and their work.