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土壤氮素的矿化过程与土壤供氮能力及氮素损失密切相关,其对于氮素生物地球化学过程的生态意义重大。本文综述了当前湿地土壤氮素矿化过程的研究方法、模型表征以及影响因素的研究动态。氮素矿化过程的研究主要集中在净矿化作用方面,而其研究模型又主要包括矿化动力学模型、热力学模型和环境效应模型。影响湿地土壤氮素矿化过程的因素主要包括湿地气候条件、水文条件、土壤理化性质、枯落物性质、土壤生物区系及人类活动等。今后研究的重点应包括:(1)氮素矿化过程的驱动机制与驱动因素;(2)概念模型与应用模型的表征;(3)全球变暖、降水改变以及人为碳、氮输入对矿化过程的影响;(4)人类活动在湿地土壤氮素矿化过程中的作用。
The mineralization process of soil nitrogen is closely related to soil nitrogen supply capacity and nitrogen loss, which is of great ecological significance for nitrogen biogeochemical processes. This paper summarizes the current research methods, model characterization and research trends of nitrogen mineralization in wetland soils. The research of nitrogen mineralization mainly focuses on the net mineralization, and its research model mainly includes mineralization kinetics model, thermodynamic model and environmental effect model. The factors affecting the process of nitrogen mineralization in wetland soil include wetland climatic conditions, hydrological conditions, soil physical and chemical properties, litter properties, soil biota and human activities. Future research should focus on: (1) the driving mechanism and drivers of nitrogen mineralization; (2) the characterization of conceptual models and application models; (3) global warming, precipitation changes, and anthropogenic carbon and nitrogen inputs to the mines (4) the human activities in wetland soil nitrogen mineralization process.