一、前言能源的利用研究,是我国本世纪八大科研重点之一。能源的使用合理与否,体现了一个国家科学水平与技术水平的高低。我国热能的利用率仅达28—30%,比工业发达国家的50%距离很大。因此,提高传热技术,为工程提供新型高效的换热器,或是改革现有装置中的落后换热设备,使生产者与使用者都获得更大的经济效益,是当前一 I. Introduction The study of the utilization of energy is one of the eight major scientific research focuses of our country in this century. The rational use of energy or not, reflects the level of a country’s scientific and technological level. The utilization rate of China’s thermal energy is only 28-30%, which is more than 50% of the industrialized countries. Therefore, improving heat transfer technology, providing new and efficient heat exchangers for projects, or reforming backward heat exchange equipment in existing installations will make both the producers and users obtain greater economic benefits,