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目的分析清远市清城区手足口病流行病学特征及其与气象因素的关系,为手足口病防控工作提供科学依据。方法收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统中2009—2013年清城区疫情监测资料及清远市气候监测系统中同期气象资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行手足口病流行病学特征分析,并对手足口病发病数和气象因素的关系进行多重回归分析。结果 2009—2013年清城区报告手足口病病例17 768例,年均发病率为517.55/10万,2012年报告死亡病例2例。2009—2011年发病率呈逐年上升趋势,2012—2013年明显下降。全区各街(镇)均有病例报告,城乡结合型的东城街道年均发病率最高为724.84/10万。发病主要集中在4—7月份(占56.60%,10 056/17 768),以5岁及以下儿童为主(占95.04%,16 886/17 768),以散居儿童居多(占83.29%,14 800/17 768)。男性发病共11 531例,年均发病率651.25/10万,女性发病6 237例,年均发病率375.50/10万,男女发病率性别比为1.73∶1。EV 71为清城区手足口病的优势流行株(占62.50%,75/120)。日平均气温、降水量、日平均风速与手足口病发病数呈正相关(β=0.264、0.079、0.064,P<0.05或P<0.01),而日平均气压与手足口病发病呈负相关(β=-0.166,P<0.01)。结论手足口病的发生存在季节性、地区、年龄、性别、职业的差异,且与气象因素关系密切,应重点在流行季节前针对重点人群和重点场所做好防控工作。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease and its relationship with meteorological factors in Qingcheng District of Qingyuan City to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of hand-foot-mouth disease. Methods The epidemiological surveillance data of Qingcheng District from 2009 to 2013 in China and the meteorological data of Qingyuan City climate monitoring system during the same period were collected. The epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Multiple regression analysis of the relationship between the incidence of disease and meteorological factors. Results A total of 17 768 HFMD cases were reported in Qingcheng District from 2009 to 2013, with an average annual incidence of 517.55 / 100 000 cases and 2 death cases in 2012. The incidence in 2009-2011 showed a year-by-year upward trend, with a significant decrease in 2012-2013. The streets of the district (town) have case reports, urban and rural areas with the highest average annual incidence of Dongcheng Street 724.84 / 100000. The incidence was mainly in April-July (56.60%, 10 056/17 768), with children aged 5 and under (95.04%, 16 886/17 768) and mostly scattered children (83.29%, 14 800/17 768). There were 11 531 male cases with an average annual incidence of 651.25 / lakh and 6 237 female cases, with an average annual rate of 375.50 / lakh and a male / female ratio of 1.73: 1. EV 71 is the dominant epidemic strain of hand, foot and mouth disease in Qingcheng District (62.50%, 75/120). The average daily temperature, precipitation and daily mean wind speed were positively correlated with the incidence of HFMD (β = 0.264,0.079,0.064, P <0.05 or P <0.01), while the daily mean air pressure was negatively correlated with the incidence of HFMD = -0.166, P <0.01). Conclusion There are seasonal, regional, age, gender and occupational differences in the occurrence of hand, foot and mouth disease and are closely related to meteorological factors. Prevention and control of key populations and key places should be emphasized before the epidemic season.