木质材料无损检测主要包括缺陷无损检测和力学性能无损检测两个方面,其无损检测基本方法主要有应力波法、机械应力变形法、振动法、微钻阻力法、射线法、雷达波法等。笔者先从检测原理入手对目前常见的木质材料内部缺陷和力学性能无损检测方法作了归纳,同时对木材和人造板内部缺陷和力学性能无损检测的应用和研究现状进行了归纳分析。木材和活立木无损检测技术发展较快,锯材和单板应力分等技术已有较为完善的检测设备,在发达国家已被广泛应用;古建筑木构件和活立木内部缺陷无损检测实际应用也较多,但在检测精度和效率提高方面仍有广阔的发展空间。人造板无损检测的研究近年来主要集中在力学性能检测方面,实际应用较少。对已经有较好应用的无损检测技术,下一步科研的目标应是进一步提高检测精度和效率;对尚处在科研探索阶段的无损检测技术,下一步仍应从基础理论完善和技术实现角度坚持工作。 Nondestructive testing of wood materials mainly includes two aspects: nondestructive testing of defects and nondestructive testing of mechanical properties. The basic methods of nondestructive testing include stress wave method, mechanical stress deformation method, vibration method, micro-drill resistance method, ray method and radar wave method. At first, the author summarizes the common methods of nondestructive testing of internal defects and mechanical properties of wood based on the principle of detection. At the same time, the application and research status of nondestructive testing of internal defects and mechanical properties of wood and wood-based panels are summarized. Wood and living wood nondestructive testing technology developed rapidly, lumber and veneer stress grading technology has a more perfect testing equipment, has been widely used in developed countries; ancient building wood and living wood non-destructive testing of internal defects, the practical application of However, there is still room for development in terms of accuracy and efficiency of detection. In recent years, the research of non-destructive testing of wood-based panels mainly focuses on the testing of mechanical properties, with less practical application. For non-destructive testing techniques that have been well applied, the goal of the next scientific research should be to further improve the testing accuracy and efficiency. For non-destructive testing techniques that are still in the exploration stage of scientific research, the next step should be to persist from the perspective of improving the basic theory and realizing the technology .