历史研究工作者所面对的文字史料,大略可以分为“原始史料”和“编纂史料”。前者一般是指没有经过人为修饰而直接留存下来的史料;后者则指学者、文人编写的著作、撰写的文章,是经过各种编纂过程的史料。中国历史上留存下来的史料非常丰富,而且种类繁多,但明清以前,真正的“原始史料”却十分缺乏。在“编纂史料”中,有纪传体的正史,有编年史、政书、地志、行纪、谱牒等,这些史料应当说是提供给今天的人们认识历史真相的主要依据,但也不能不承认有些史料有其自身的偏见和倾向。比如官方史 The historical materials the historical researchers face can be roughly divided into “original historical data” and “historical data”. The former refers to the historical materials that have not been directly preserved by human modification; the latter refers to the works written and written by scholars and scholars, which are the historical materials after various compilation processes. The historical materials in Chinese history are very rich and diverse, but before the Ming and the Qing Dynasty, the real “original historical material” was scarce. In the “Historical Materials for Compilation”, there are historical records of annals, chronicle, political books, topographies, line records, spectrum records, etc. These historical materials should be said to provide today’s people the main basis for understanding the historical truth, but also not Some historical materials do not recognize that they have their own prejudices and tendencies. For example, the official history