Batch reverse osmosis: a new research direction in water desalination

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Water scarcity is one of the grand challenges across the world [1].Spiral wound reverse osmosis (RO) desalination is the most popular industrial technology to produce portable water from saline water resources.In terms of flow pattern, it falls into the category of cross-flow filtration where feed flows tangentially along the membrane surface while filtrate permeates across the membrane.One advantage of the cross-flow filtration over the deadend filtration is that the filter cake does not build up substantially during operation, thus enabling continuous operation.The spiral wound configuration also maintains a good balance among packing density, ease of cleaning, water flux, and fabrication cost.
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