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民族学口述史料的搜集和应用,是近年来国际民族学界十分关注的热门议题。本文以民国时期呼和浩特市回族口述史为例,从对回族区域性口述史料的内容范畴、特点、价值三个方面的概论分析入手,论述了口述史料在民族史研究中的地位和作用。在内容范畴方面,认为它反映了民国时期呼和浩特市回族的经济活动实态、回族教育——伊斯兰传统经堂教育和现代回民教育融合的状况以及回族民俗文化的变迁。在特点方面,概括为:一是当事者亲历或熟知的特点;二是当事者后代、亲朋或知情者口述的特点;三是口述史料之间能够相互印证史实真伪的特点。在价值方面,回族区域性口述史料具有历史价值,经济、社会发展史价值,伊斯兰传统文化教育和回民现代教育相融合的传承价值及文化史价值。
The collection and application of oral histories of ethnology is a hot issue that attracts much attention from international ethnology circles in recent years. Taking the oral history of the Hui nationality in Hohhot during the Republic of China as an example, this article starts with an overview of the categories, characteristics and values of the regional oral historical materials of the Hui nationality, and expounds the position and function of oral historical materials in the study of national history. In terms of contents, it is considered that it reflects the reality of the economic activities of the Hui nationality in Hohhot during the Republic of China, the situation of the Hui nationality education - the integration of the traditional Islamic education and the Hui Muslim education, and the vicissitudes of Hui nationality folk culture. In terms of features, the generalization is as follows: first, the characteristics experienced or well-known by the parties; secondly, the characteristics of oral statements by the descendants, relatives or friends of the parties involved; and thirdly, the authenticity of the historical facts can be verified with each other. On the aspect of value, the historical data of Hui ethnic oral history has the historical value, the value of economic and social development, the inheritance value of Islamic traditional culture education and the modern education of Hui and the value of cultural history.