上个世纪的四十年代,俄国沙皇尼古拉一世的统治日益反动残酷,人民处于水深火热的境地,因而各种形式的抗议此起彼伏,方兴未艾。仅从一八四五年至一八四九年短短的五年间,俄国各地先后就发生了一百七十二次起义和暴动。这是农民在觉醒、农奴制度处于崩溃的前夜。 In the 1940s of the last century, the ruling Nicholas I of Russia became increasingly reactionary and cruel. The people were in dire straits and various forms of protest came one after another in the ascendant. In just a short span of five years from 1845 to 1849, there were successively 172 insurgencies and insurgencies in various parts of Russia. This is the eve of peasants awakening and serfdom is in jeopardy.