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随着2004年《大学英语课程教学要求》（试行）的发行，以及2006年6月英语四级新题型在全国范围内的展开，越来越多的师生感受到了英语听力的重要性：分值由旧题型中的20%上升到35%，和阅读分值完全一样，这是《教学要求》中“大学英语的教学目标是培养学生的英语综合应用能力，特别是听说能力”这一目标要求的充分、自然的反映。如何提高学生的听力水平，是每个英语教师需要认真思考的问题。笔者认为，训练学生的预测能力是一种较为行之有效的方法。所谓预测能力，指的是学生通过快速浏览，根据卷面已知线索，预测将要听到的内容，可分为听前预测和听中预测。预测可增强学生对整个对话或整篇文章的把握能力以及解题能力。下面笔者就结合近年的四级试题，谈谈具体操作。
2006年6月短文第一篇。
26．A）Rent a grave
B）Burn the body
C）Bury the dead near a church
D）Buy a piece of land for a grave
27．A）To solve the problem of lack of land
B）To see weather they have decayed
C）To follow the Greek religious practice
D）To move them to a multi-storey graveyard
28．A）They should be buried lying down
B）They should be buried standing up
C）They should be buried after being washed
D）They should be buried when partially decayed
29．A）Burning dead bodies to ashes
B）Storing dead bodies in a remote place
C）Placing dead bodies in a bone room
D）Digging up dead bodies after three years
快速浏览题干，我们可以得到线索：本文与尸体处理有关，即如何处理尸体、为何如此处理、应该如何处理。通过这些听前预测，学生听的时候有了重点，再加上听中预测以及后面的问题，学生就可以做出比较准确的选择。后面的问题：26. What must Greeks do to keep the dead resting in ever-lasting peace? 27. Why are most dead bodies in Athens dug up after three years? 28. What suggestions does the church give about the burying of dead bodies? 29. What practice does the Greek church object to? 比较一下可以看出，我们的预测和后面的提问比较一致。
再来看2007年6月听力短文的第二篇。先看题干：
29．A）He suffered a nervous breakdown
B）He was wrongly diagnosed
C）He was seriously injured
D）He developed a strange disease
30．A）He was able to talk again
B）He raced to the nursing home
C）He could tell red and blue apart
D）He could not recognize his wife
31．A）Twenty-nine days
B）Two and a half days
C）Several months
D）Fourteen hours
32．A）They welcomed the publicity in the media
B）They avoided appearing on TV
C）They released a video
D）They declined to give details of his condition
快速浏览题干，我们可以得到线索：本文内容应该是有关一个人的身体状况：他的身体怎么了、恢复如何、身体处于这种状况或恢复用了多长时间、家人对于媒体或这一事件的态度及反应。学生听的时候可以在上述问题上有重点、有意识地去听，再结合听中预测以及后面的问题就可以做出准确的选择。比较后面的问题：29. What happened to Herbert ten years ago? 30. What surprised Donald Herbert’s family and doctors one Saturday? 31. How long did Herbert remain unconscious? 32. How did Herbert’s family react to the public attention? 可以得出结论：我们的预测和问题是基本一致的。
上面是提高听力的微技能之一，在笔者的实践中对学生很有帮助。当然，听力的提高是一个综合问题，有赖于学生知识面的扩大、词汇的积累以及通过多听去逐步提高，片面、过多地强调预测能力是有害无益的。
参考文献
1 《大学英语课程教学要求》（试行）．上海外语教育出版社，2004
2 束定芳、庄智象．现代外语教学理论实践与方法．上海外语教育出版社，2004
3 洪 洁．听力教学的突破．江苏外语教学研究，2006（2）
2006年6月短文第一篇。
26．A）Rent a grave
B）Burn the body
C）Bury the dead near a church
D）Buy a piece of land for a grave
27．A）To solve the problem of lack of land
B）To see weather they have decayed
C）To follow the Greek religious practice
D）To move them to a multi-storey graveyard
28．A）They should be buried lying down
B）They should be buried standing up
C）They should be buried after being washed
D）They should be buried when partially decayed
29．A）Burning dead bodies to ashes
B）Storing dead bodies in a remote place
C）Placing dead bodies in a bone room
D）Digging up dead bodies after three years
快速浏览题干，我们可以得到线索：本文与尸体处理有关，即如何处理尸体、为何如此处理、应该如何处理。通过这些听前预测，学生听的时候有了重点，再加上听中预测以及后面的问题，学生就可以做出比较准确的选择。后面的问题：26. What must Greeks do to keep the dead resting in ever-lasting peace? 27. Why are most dead bodies in Athens dug up after three years? 28. What suggestions does the church give about the burying of dead bodies? 29. What practice does the Greek church object to? 比较一下可以看出，我们的预测和后面的提问比较一致。
再来看2007年6月听力短文的第二篇。先看题干：
29．A）He suffered a nervous breakdown
B）He was wrongly diagnosed
C）He was seriously injured
D）He developed a strange disease
30．A）He was able to talk again
B）He raced to the nursing home
C）He could tell red and blue apart
D）He could not recognize his wife
31．A）Twenty-nine days
B）Two and a half days
C）Several months
D）Fourteen hours
32．A）They welcomed the publicity in the media
B）They avoided appearing on TV
C）They released a video
D）They declined to give details of his condition
快速浏览题干，我们可以得到线索：本文内容应该是有关一个人的身体状况：他的身体怎么了、恢复如何、身体处于这种状况或恢复用了多长时间、家人对于媒体或这一事件的态度及反应。学生听的时候可以在上述问题上有重点、有意识地去听，再结合听中预测以及后面的问题就可以做出准确的选择。比较后面的问题：29. What happened to Herbert ten years ago? 30. What surprised Donald Herbert’s family and doctors one Saturday? 31. How long did Herbert remain unconscious? 32. How did Herbert’s family react to the public attention? 可以得出结论：我们的预测和问题是基本一致的。
上面是提高听力的微技能之一，在笔者的实践中对学生很有帮助。当然，听力的提高是一个综合问题，有赖于学生知识面的扩大、词汇的积累以及通过多听去逐步提高，片面、过多地强调预测能力是有害无益的。
参考文献
1 《大学英语课程教学要求》（试行）．上海外语教育出版社，2004
2 束定芳、庄智象．现代外语教学理论实践与方法．上海外语教育出版社，2004
3 洪 洁．听力教学的突破．江苏外语教学研究，2006（2）