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基于中国综合社会调查数据比较了老年农民工与其他农村老年人、中青年农民工在健康状况、工作状况和社会保障状况。研究发现:一方面,老年农民工表现出农村老年人的某些共有特征;另一方面,老年农民工在人力资本快速贬值时,仍然艰难滞留在农民工市场中,受到中青年农民工的工作挤压。老年人和农民工的双重身份导致其健康、工作待遇和社会保障方面都呈现出独有的特征。逐渐衰退的身体机能、较大的工作强度和劳动保障的缺失使得老年农民工的社会保障成为一个严重的社会问题。
Based on China’s comprehensive social survey data, the health status, working conditions and social security status of migrant workers in the elderly and other rural elderly and middle-aged and young migrant workers were compared. The study found that: on the one hand, the elderly migrant workers showed some common characteristics of the elderly in rural areas; on the other hand, migrant workers still stuck in the migrant workers’ market with rapid devaluation of human capital and were affected by the work of young and middle-aged migrant workers extrusion. The dual identities of older persons and migrant workers have led to unique characteristics in terms of their health, work conditions and social security. The gradual decline of the physical function, the greater work intensity and the lack of labor security make the social security of the elderly migrant workers a serious social problem.