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为了解农田常规施肥条件下的不同途径氮素损失特征,本文通过田间原位试验同步研究了长江中下游地区夏玉米生长季氮肥施用后的农田N2O排放、NH3挥发、氮渗漏和地表径流的变化.结果表明,在复合肥为基肥,尿素为追肥,基追肥氮素水平均为150 kg·hm-2的条件下,整个玉米生长季N2O排放系数为3.3%,NH3挥发损失率为10.2%,氮渗漏和地表径流损失率分别为11.2%和5.1%.此外,基肥施用以氮素渗漏损失为主,而追肥氮素损失以氨挥发和渗漏为主,表明不同途径化肥氮素损失主要受氮肥品种影响,玉米季追肥可改用低氨挥发氮肥品种以减少氮素损失.
In order to understand the characteristics of nitrogen losses in different ways under routine fertilization, field experiments were conducted to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on N2O emission, NH3 volatilization, nitrogen leakage and surface runoff in summer maize growing season in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The results showed that the N2O emission coefficient of the whole corn growing season was 3.3% and the NH3 volatilization loss was 10.2% when the compound fertilizer was basal and urea was topdressing and the basal dressing and topdressing nitrogen was 150 kg · hm-2. , Nitrogen leakage and surface runoff loss rates were 11.2% and 5.1% respectively. In addition, basal fertilizer application was dominated by nitrogen loss, while nitrogen loss by topdressing was dominated by ammonia volatilization and leakage, indicating that nitrogenous fertilizer Losses are mainly affected by nitrogenous varieties, corn seasoning fertilizer can be used to low volatile ammonia nitrogen varieties to reduce nitrogen losses.