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本文是根据三年的试验资料,分析陕西武功地区土壤(黄土母质上形成的(土娄)——耕种褐色土)在夏季休闲期间蒸发强度和耕作保墒的效果。 试验结果表明:①夏季休闲裸地如不采取耕作保墒措施,土壤水分的蒸发损失是很强烈的。三年均占同期降水量的50％以上,日平均蒸发量为1.63—1.84mm。③疏松表土能显著减少蒸发,表面盖砂效果更好。在11天的土柱蒸发试验中,中耕松土的土柱中剩余含水为16.07％(起始含水量28.49％)而未中耕的土柱剩余含水仅为11.99％(低于凋萎含水量,起始含水量为27.99％)盖砂的土柱剩余含水量为22.76％(相当于该土壤的田间持水量,起始含水量29.05％)。③田间试验也证明中耕松土能显著减少蒸发作用。
Based on the three years of experimental data, this paper analyzes the effect of soil evaporation (soil-loamy-tilled brown soil formed on the loess parent material) during the summer leisure period in tillage and soil moisture conservation based on the experimental data. The results showed that: ① Summer bare soil without tillage measures to protect soil moisture, soil moisture evaporation loss is very strong. Over the past three years, both accounted for over 50% of the precipitation over the same period, with an average daily evaporation of 1.63-1.84mm. ③ loose surface soil can significantly reduce evaporation, the surface of the sand cover better. In the 11-day experiment of soil column evaporation, the remaining water content of soil column of cultivated tillage soil was 16.07% (initial water content of 28.49%) while that of soil column of untreated soil was only 11.99% (lower than wilting water content, The initial water content was 27.99%.) The residual water content of soil column with cover sand was 22.76% (equivalent to field capacity of this soil, initial water content was 29.05%). ③ field experiments also proved that cultivating loose soil can significantly reduce the evaporation.