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目的研究二倍体黄芩和四倍体黄芩D20的药材性状及显微特征。方法采用性状鉴别和显微鉴别的方法分别对二倍体黄芩和四倍体黄芩D20药材性状、横切面及粉末的显微特征进行研究。结果外观性状:四倍体黄芩D20比二倍体黄芩的根较粗壮肥实,分支多,单株产量高。显微特征:二倍体黄芩根的横切面特征表现为皮层与韧皮部界限明显,而四倍体黄芩D20皮层与韧皮部界限不明显且木射线宽广,较二倍体黄芩多。粉末特征:韧皮纤维、石细胞较二倍体黄芩大。结论二倍体黄芩与四倍体黄芩D20因染色体数目不同,二者的性状区别较大,组织结构和粉末非常相似,但也存在细微差异。
Objective To study the medicinal properties and microscopic features of diploid Scutellaria baicalensis and Tetraploid Scutellaria baicalensis D20. Methods The traits, cross sections and the microscopic characteristics of the diploid Scutellaria baicalensis and Tetraploid Scutellaria baicalensis D20 were studied by traits identification and microscopic identification. Results Appearance: Tetraploid Scutellaria baicalensis D20 diploid Scutellaria root more stout fat, more branches, high yield per plant. Microscopical features: The cross section of diploid Scutellariae Radix showed the obvious boundary between cortex and phloem, while tetraploid Scutellariae skullcap D20 had no obvious boundary between cortex and phloem and had a wide range of wood ray, which was more than diploid Scutellaria baicalensis. Powder characteristics: bast fibers, stone cells larger than diploid Scutellaria. Conclusions Diploid Scutellaria baicalensis and Tetraploid Scutellaria baicalensis D20 differ in their number due to different numbers of chromosomes. The characters of the two cultivars are quite similar to each other, but their microstructure and powder are very similar, but there are also slight differences.