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过敏性哮喘(allergic asthma, AA)是常见的慢性呼吸道疾病，严重危害人们的身体健康。巨噬细胞是存在于肺组织中最丰富的免疫细胞群，参与了过敏性哮喘的发病过程。在受到不同变应原刺激后，巨噬细胞表现出不同的活化状态，并发挥不同的免疫功能，这一过程称之为巨噬细胞极化(macrophge polarization)。这里主要讨论巨噬细胞及巨噬细胞极化在过敏性哮喘发病过程中的作用，以及巨噬细胞极化过程中表观遗传学变化的新概念，包括miRNAs、DNA甲基化和组蛋白修饰等，它们可能通过调节细胞信号和标志基因的表达来调控巨噬细胞极化，从而影响了过敏性哮喘发病过程，为过敏性哮喘的免疫治疗策略提供了新的见解。“,”Allergic asthma(AA) is a common chronic respiratory disease, which seriously affects people’s health. Macrophage is the most abundant immune cell group in lung tissue, and is involved in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. The macrophages show different activation states and play different immune functions after being stimulated by different allergens, which is called macrophage polarization. The role of the polarization of macrophages, macrophages in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma, and the new concept of epigenetic change during the polarization of macrophages, including miRNAs, DNA methylation and histone modification, were mainly discussed in this review. All of this may regulate the polarization of the macrophage by regulating the expression of the cell signal and the marker gene, and then affecting the pathogenesis of the allergic asthma. This may be helpful for the immunotherapy strategy of the allergic asthma.