论文部分内容阅读
纵观各地的中考英语试题,有关短语动词的考题比比皆是,主要涉及时态和语态、词语辨析、非谓语形式等。英语中的短语动词在意义上视作一个整体看待,当作一个普通的实义动词使用。其构成方式一般有以下六类。
一、动词+介词型:常见的有look for, look after, send for, ask for, laugh at, hear of/from等,这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。例如:
Mrs Green is out. I have to ____ her baby. (2008北京市中考题)
A. look around B. look up
C. look for D. look after
【答案与简析】选D。look after意为“照看”,前面的is out即指“孩子的妈妈不在”。注意有些动词后还因跟不同的介词而意义有变。如:agree with sb. “同意、支持某人(观点)”,agree to sth.“同意某事”; be strict with sb.“对某人要求严格”, be strict in sth.“对某事要求严格”等。
二、动词+副词+介词型:常见的有come up with, get on with, catch up with等。这类动词短语的宾语只能放在介词的后面。例如:
After discussing, the students ____ some good ideas to work in the project.(2008陕西省中考题)
A. put up B. set up
C. caught up D. came up with
【答案与简析】选D。come up with意为“想出(办法),得到(主意)等”。
三、动词+名词+介词型:常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, take part in等。这类动词的宾语只能放在介词后面。例如:
Alice is so nice that everyone likes to ____(交朋友).
(2008河北省邢台市)
【答案与简析】填make friends with。注意此时的with之类的介词或副词千万不能遗弃。
四、动词+副词型:常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。注意:这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词的前面,又可放在副词的后面;宾语如是人称代词、反身代词,则放在动词与副词之间。例如:
The ticket is on the floor, please ____.(2008山东烟台市中考题)
A. pick up it B. look for C. pick it up D. look it up
【答案与简析】选C。pick up意为“拾起,捡”,代词it须放在副词前。
五、动词+形容词型:常见的有leave open, set free, cut open, take easy等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,则宾语可放在形容词的前面,也可放在后面;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则必须放在形容词前面。例如:
It has a strange smell in your room. You’d better keep the window ____.(2008重庆市)
A. open B. opens C. closes D. closed
【答案与解析】选A。四个选项中,A、D是形容词,但D不合题意(屋子里有怪味应开窗)。
六、动词+名词型:常见的有do sports, take photos, take pride, make a mistake等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。例如:
——Would you please ____ this old man?
——Sure. Take my seat, please.(2008江苏省扬州市)
A. prepare a room for B. make room for
C. give a room for D. take up room for
【答案与简析】选B。四个选项中,A、C中的room作可数名词,为“房间”,D不合题意,make room for sb.意为“给某人腾地方”,注意此时room为不可数名词。
【巩固练习】单项选择。
1. He ____ the radio every morning.
A. listens to B. listens C. hears from D. hears of
2. I think people here are friendly. Do you ____ me?
A. get along with B. agree with C. laugh at D. play with
3. Please ____ the TV. I’d like to watch the TV play.
A. turn up B. turn down C. turn on D. turn off
4. Don’t ____ your coat, Tom! It’s easy to catch a cold in spring.
A. take away B. take off C. take down D. take out
5. Ann is so careful that she always goes over her exercises to ____ there are no mistakes.
A. look for B. think about C. find out D. make sure
6. ——Excuse me. Where is the Hualian Hotel?
——Take a No. 5 bus and ____ at the second stop.
A. get on B. get up C. get off D. get to
7. Both of his feet were hurt in the accident. ____ a doctor, please.
A. Send for B. Look for C. Wait for D. Care for
8. ——What is the police station’s telephone number?
——I can’t remember it. ____ in the telephone book, please.
A. Look it for B. Look it over C. Look it up D. Look at it
9. ——Thanks for ____ the ruler from the floor for me.
——That’s all right.
A. paying for B. playing with C. pointing to D. picking up
10. The doctor ____ Mary carefully. There was something wrong with her eyes.
A. looked up B. looked over C. looked for D. found out
11. Tom is ill in hospital and his mother is ____ him.
A. looking for B. looking over C. looking at D. looking after
12. ——Hello, can I speak to Mr. Green?
——____, please. He is coming.
A. Hold on B. Keep on C. Go on D. Come on
13. ——Look! The bus is coming.
——But there are too many people in it. I’m afraid we can’t ____ it.
A. get off B. get down C. get on D. get over
14. It’s really not easy to catch up with my classmates. Whenever I want to ____, my
teacher always encourages me to work harder.
A. go on B. turn down C. give back D. give up
15. Tom, please help me ____ the picture on the wall.
A. put up B. put out C. put off D. put into
16. The plane to Hong Kong ____ at this time of day.
A. gets to B. leaves for C. takes away D. takes off
17. Could you tell me more about Shanghai? I’m ____ going there for a holiday soon.
A. looking up B. thinking about C. trying out D. finding out
18. ——____ all your things, Tom! I hate them here and there.
——OK, Mum.
A. Put up B. Put on C. Put down D. Put away
19. When the headmaster came into the hall, all the students ____ to welcome him.
A. sat down B. went out C. stood up D. turned up
20. Every morning, he ____ newspapers from house to house.
A. gets out B. sets up C. gives out D. puts off
Key:1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.A 8.C 9.D 10.B 11.D 12.A 13.C 14.D 15.A 16.D 17.B 18.D 19.C 20.C
一、动词+介词型:常见的有look for, look after, send for, ask for, laugh at, hear of/from等,这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。例如:
Mrs Green is out. I have to ____ her baby. (2008北京市中考题)
A. look around B. look up
C. look for D. look after
【答案与简析】选D。look after意为“照看”,前面的is out即指“孩子的妈妈不在”。注意有些动词后还因跟不同的介词而意义有变。如:agree with sb. “同意、支持某人(观点)”,agree to sth.“同意某事”; be strict with sb.“对某人要求严格”, be strict in sth.“对某事要求严格”等。
二、动词+副词+介词型:常见的有come up with, get on with, catch up with等。这类动词短语的宾语只能放在介词的后面。例如:
After discussing, the students ____ some good ideas to work in the project.(2008陕西省中考题)
A. put up B. set up
C. caught up D. came up with
【答案与简析】选D。come up with意为“想出(办法),得到(主意)等”。
三、动词+名词+介词型:常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, take part in等。这类动词的宾语只能放在介词后面。例如:
Alice is so nice that everyone likes to ____(交朋友).
(2008河北省邢台市)
【答案与简析】填make friends with。注意此时的with之类的介词或副词千万不能遗弃。
四、动词+副词型:常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。注意:这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词的前面,又可放在副词的后面;宾语如是人称代词、反身代词,则放在动词与副词之间。例如:
The ticket is on the floor, please ____.(2008山东烟台市中考题)
A. pick up it B. look for C. pick it up D. look it up
【答案与简析】选C。pick up意为“拾起,捡”,代词it须放在副词前。
五、动词+形容词型:常见的有leave open, set free, cut open, take easy等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,则宾语可放在形容词的前面,也可放在后面;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则必须放在形容词前面。例如:
It has a strange smell in your room. You’d better keep the window ____.(2008重庆市)
A. open B. opens C. closes D. closed
【答案与解析】选A。四个选项中,A、D是形容词,但D不合题意(屋子里有怪味应开窗)。
六、动词+名词型:常见的有do sports, take photos, take pride, make a mistake等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。例如:
——Would you please ____ this old man?
——Sure. Take my seat, please.(2008江苏省扬州市)
A. prepare a room for B. make room for
C. give a room for D. take up room for
【答案与简析】选B。四个选项中,A、C中的room作可数名词,为“房间”,D不合题意,make room for sb.意为“给某人腾地方”,注意此时room为不可数名词。
【巩固练习】单项选择。
1. He ____ the radio every morning.
A. listens to B. listens C. hears from D. hears of
2. I think people here are friendly. Do you ____ me?
A. get along with B. agree with C. laugh at D. play with
3. Please ____ the TV. I’d like to watch the TV play.
A. turn up B. turn down C. turn on D. turn off
4. Don’t ____ your coat, Tom! It’s easy to catch a cold in spring.
A. take away B. take off C. take down D. take out
5. Ann is so careful that she always goes over her exercises to ____ there are no mistakes.
A. look for B. think about C. find out D. make sure
6. ——Excuse me. Where is the Hualian Hotel?
——Take a No. 5 bus and ____ at the second stop.
A. get on B. get up C. get off D. get to
7. Both of his feet were hurt in the accident. ____ a doctor, please.
A. Send for B. Look for C. Wait for D. Care for
8. ——What is the police station’s telephone number?
——I can’t remember it. ____ in the telephone book, please.
A. Look it for B. Look it over C. Look it up D. Look at it
9. ——Thanks for ____ the ruler from the floor for me.
——That’s all right.
A. paying for B. playing with C. pointing to D. picking up
10. The doctor ____ Mary carefully. There was something wrong with her eyes.
A. looked up B. looked over C. looked for D. found out
11. Tom is ill in hospital and his mother is ____ him.
A. looking for B. looking over C. looking at D. looking after
12. ——Hello, can I speak to Mr. Green?
——____, please. He is coming.
A. Hold on B. Keep on C. Go on D. Come on
13. ——Look! The bus is coming.
——But there are too many people in it. I’m afraid we can’t ____ it.
A. get off B. get down C. get on D. get over
14. It’s really not easy to catch up with my classmates. Whenever I want to ____, my
teacher always encourages me to work harder.
A. go on B. turn down C. give back D. give up
15. Tom, please help me ____ the picture on the wall.
A. put up B. put out C. put off D. put into
16. The plane to Hong Kong ____ at this time of day.
A. gets to B. leaves for C. takes away D. takes off
17. Could you tell me more about Shanghai? I’m ____ going there for a holiday soon.
A. looking up B. thinking about C. trying out D. finding out
18. ——____ all your things, Tom! I hate them here and there.
——OK, Mum.
A. Put up B. Put on C. Put down D. Put away
19. When the headmaster came into the hall, all the students ____ to welcome him.
A. sat down B. went out C. stood up D. turned up
20. Every morning, he ____ newspapers from house to house.
A. gets out B. sets up C. gives out D. puts off
Key:1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.A 8.C 9.D 10.B 11.D 12.A 13.C 14.D 15.A 16.D 17.B 18.D 19.C 20.C