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杆状病毒与昆虫宿主相互作用是一种基本的分子和生态问题,不仅在农业上,而且在真核表达系统、基因治疗、蛋白表面展示系统以及基因工程疫苗等方面都有重要的实际应用。杆状病毒还是一种很有潜力的病毒杀虫剂,而且对环境来说是安全的。研究这些相互作用也产生了许多重要和有价值的发现。杆状病毒生命循环中存在两种不同形式的病毒,即包埋型病毒粒子(occlusion derived virus,ODV)和出芽型病毒粒子(budded virus,BV)。ODV包裹于多角体中,主要负责宿主的原发感染;而BV由感染的宿主细胞释放后引发继发感染。病毒侵染起始于敏感的昆虫宿主食用了污染包涵体病毒的植物。在宿主中肠的碱性环境中,多角体溶解释放ODV,ODV与宿主肠道柱状上皮细胞细胞膜融合,通过内吞体进入细胞。之后核衣壳从内吞体中逃脱并被转运到细胞核。病毒转录和复制在细胞核进行,新生的BV粒子从基底膜出芽引起全身感染。杆状病毒与宿主细胞相互作用包括从病毒结合和进入时的相互作用,到宿主基因表达调节,以及修饰与调节细胞和机体所发生的生理和防御的相互作用的复杂和微妙的机制。本文主要以杆状病毒侵染昆虫宿主的过程为线索,总结和评述了杆状病毒与昆虫宿主相互作用方面研究的最新进展,特别是杆状病毒基因在病毒入侵过程中所起的作用。
The interaction of baculovirus with insect hosts is a fundamental molecular and ecological problem, not only in agriculture, but also has important practical applications in eukaryotic expression systems, gene therapy, protein surface display systems and genetic engineering vaccines. Baculoviruses are also potential viral insecticides and are environmentally safe. Studying these interactions also produces many important and valuable findings. There are two different forms of viruses in the baculovirus life cycle: occlusion derived virus (ODV) and budded virus (BV). ODV is encapsulated in polyhedra and is primarily responsible for the primary infection of the host; BV, upon release from the infected host cell, triggers secondary infection. Virus infestation begins with sensitive insect hosts consuming plants that contaminate the inclusion body virus. In an alkaline environment of the host midgut, polyhedrosis releases ODV, ODV fusions to the cell membrane of host gut epithelial cells, and enters the cell via endosomes. The nucleocapsid escapes from the endosome and is transported to the nucleus. Virus transcription and replication occur in the nucleus, and nascent BV particles sprout from the basement membrane causing systemic infection. The baculovirus-host cell interactions include complex and delicate mechanisms from the interaction of the virus on binding and entry, the regulation of the expression of the host gene, and the modification and regulation of the physiological and defensive interactions that occur with the cell and body. In this paper, the main process of baculovirus infection in insect hosts as a clue, summarizes and reviews the latest research progress in the interaction of baculovirus and insect hosts, especially the role of baculovirus genes in the process of virus invasion.