矿产资源从18世纪中叶英国工业革命开始就己成为国民经济发展的重要的物质基础,250多年来,矿业塑造了社会的物质文明。伴随着经济的发展,人类对矿业的依赖程度和对矿产资源的需求日益增长。从上世纪初的世界矿产品人均消费量不到2吨增加到当今的10吨以上。新中国成立后50多年间中国矿业得到了迅猛发展,原煤、铁矿石和10种有色金属的产量均增加了400多倍,原油产 Since the beginning of the British Industrial Revolution in the mid-18th century, mineral resources have become an important material basis for the development of the national economy. For more than 250 years, mining has shaped the material civilization of society. With economic development, human dependence on the mining industry and the growing demand for mineral resources. Since the beginning of the last century, the per capita consumption of mineral products in the world has increased from less than 2 tons to over 10 tons today. In the 50 years after the founding of New China, China’s mining industry has witnessed rapid development. The output of raw coal, iron ore and 10 non-ferrous metals increased more than 400 times. The output of crude oil